Reported speech
Indirect speech - Nepřímá řeč
nepřímou řeč vyjadřuje promluvu jiné osoby. V hlavní větě je čas minulý HE SAID / HE TOLD ME (THAT) a časy vedlejší věty, původního sdělení, měníme následovně.
Čeština Angličtina
1) z přítomného času je čas minulý
Přímá řeč : Tony: Já všechno vím. Nepřímá řeč: Tony řekl, že všechno ví. Tony: I know everything. ►► Tony said that he knew everything. Přímá řeč : Já: Učím angličtinu v místní škole. Nepřímá řeč: Řekl jsem, že že učím angličtinu v místní škole. I teach English at a local school." ►► I said that I taught English at a local school.
2) z will je would
Přímá řeč : Tony: "Já budu doma." Nepřímá řeč: Tony řekl, že bude doma. Tony : "I will be at home." ►► Tony said that
he would
be at home.
Přímá řeč : Já: "Budu se učit anglicky." Nepřímá řeč: Řekl, že se budu učit "I will study English." ►► He said he would study English.
3) z času minulého je čas předminulý Přímá řeč : Tony: "Všechno jsem věděl." Nepřímá řeč: Tony řekl, že všechno věděl. "I knew everything." ►► Tony said that he had known everything.
Přímá řeč : Nepřímá řeč: Mary: "Učila jsem rok angličtinu na této škole." ►► Řekla, že učila angličtinu na té škole rok. Mary: "I taught English at that school for a year" Mary said she had taught English at that school for a year.
Příklady :
He said, "I like this song." → He said (that) he liked that song.
"I don't speak Italian," she said. → She said (that) she did not speak Italian.
"The film began at seven o'clock," he said. → He said ( that) the film had begun at 7.
"I will never make a mistake," he said. → He said (that) he would never make a mistake.
ZMĚNA PŘÍSLOVCÍ A ZÁJMEN V NEPŘÍMÉ ŘEČI
Aby sdělení dávalo smysl, musíme měnit i příslovce a mnohdy i zájmena.
TODAY -> THAT DAY
TOMORROW -> THE NEXT DAY
YESTERDAY -> THE PREVIOUS DAY
LAST WEEK -> THE WEEK AGO
AGO -> BEFORE
NEXT WEEK -> THE FOLLOWING WEEK
HERE -> THERE
THIS -> THAT
Příklady :
"I was not here yesterday." - He said that he had not been there the previous day.
Otázka v nepřímé řeči
Are you at home? He asked if I was at home. Jsi doma? Zeptal se, jestli jsem doma.
Dochází k posunu časů a ještě ke změně slovosledu, kdy z otázky vytvořím kladnou větu. Vedlejší větu připojím spojkou if - jestli, zda.
Did you know him? He asked if I had known him. Zeptal se, jestli jsem ho znal.
Will you come soon? She asked if I would come soon. Zeptala se, jestli přijdu brzy.
TEST
Mike: I haven't
seen you since June." He said that he hadn´t seen you since June.
Liz: "I've just come back from my holiday in Ireland." Liz said that she had just ...............
Liz: "I love Ireland. And the Irish people were so
friendly." Liz told him that she .........
Liz: "It was my first trip. I can show you some
pictures. Liz said that...........
Mike: "I must arrange a couple of things." Mike said that ..............
Mike : "But I am free tonight." He said that ...................
Liz: "You might come to my place." Liz said that ...................
Mike: "I'll be there at eight." Mike said ...................
ŘEŠENÍ
Mike: I haven't seen you since June." He said he had not seen her since June.
Liz: "I've just come back from my holiday in Ireland." Liz said that she had just come back from her holiday in Ireland.
Liz: "I love Ireland. And the Irish people were so friendly." Liz told him that she loved Ireland and that the Irish people had been so friendly.
Liz: "It was my first trip. I can show you some pictures. Liz said that it had been her first trip and that she could show him some pictures.
Mike: "I must arrange a couple of things." Mike said that he must/hd toarrange a couple of things. Mike : "But I am free tonight." He said that he was free that night.
Liz: "You might come to my place." Liz said that he might come to her place.
Mike: "I'll be there at eight." Mike said he would be there at eight.